PAD treatment focuses on improving outcomes in symptomatic patients interventions to prevent CVD events include smoking cessation, lowering cholesterol levels, managing high blood pressure, and antiplatelet therapy. Treatment of PAD has 2 potential targets: reducing morbidity and mortality from lower limb ischemia and preventing CVD events due to systemic atherosclerosis. A ratio of less than 1 (typically defined as <0.9) is considered abnormal and is commonly used to define PAD. ABI is calculated as the systolic blood pressure obtained at the ankle divided by the systolic blood pressure obtained at the brachial artery while the patient is lying down. Resting ABI is most commonly used to detect PAD in clinical settings. Major risk factors for PAD include older age, diabetes, current smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol level, obesity, and physical inactivity.
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